Mount Ciremai

Mount Ciremai

Mount Ciremai (often wrongly called "Ciremai") is a stratovolcano that is administratively included in the three districts, namely Cirebon, Kuningan and Majalengka regency, West Java Province. Geographical position of the peak is located at 6 ° 53 '30 "latitude and 108 ° 24' 00" E, with an altitude of 3,078 m above sea level. This mountain is the highest mountain in West Java.

This mountain has a double crater. Western crater radius of 400 m east crater was cut by a radius of 600 m. At an altitude of about 2,900 m above sea level on the southern slopes are former point eruption called Gowa Swallow.

Now G. Ceremai included in the National Park of Mount Ciremai (TNGC), which has a total area of approximately 15,000 hectares.

The name is derived from the word mountain ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus, a kind of small fruiting shrubs with rada sour), but it is often called Ciremai, a symptom hiperkorek due to the many place names in the area Pasundan use the prefix 'ci-' for naming the place.

Volcanology and Geological

Mount Ciremai including Quaternary active volcano, type A (ie, magmatic volcanoes that are still active since 1600), and shaped stratovolcano. This mountain is volcanic solitary, separated by Cilacap Fault Zone - Brass group of volcanic eastern part of West Java (ie row Galunggung, Mount Guntur, volcano, Patuha to Tangkuban Perahu) located in Zone Bandung.

Ceremai is the third generation of volcanoes. The first generation is a Pleistocene volcanics located next G. Ceremai, as advanced vulkanisma Plio-Pleistocene over the Tertiary rocks. Vulkanisma second generation is Mount Gegerhalang, which before the collapse forming the caldera Gegerhalang. And vulkanisma third generation in the form of G. Ceremai Holocene epoch that grows on the north side of the Caldera Gegerhalang, which is estimated to occur in about 7,000 years ago (Situmorang 1991).

G. Ceremai eruptions recorded since 1698 and the last one occurred in 1937 with the shortest rest interval of 3 years and the longest 112 years. Three eruptions in 1772, 1775 and 1805 occurred in the central crater, but did not cause significant damage. The eruption of sulfur steam and copy new fumarole in the center of the crater wall occurred in 1917 and 1924. On June 24, 1937 - January 7, 1938 phreatic eruption occurred in the central crater and radial cracks. Distribution of ash reached an area of ​​52,500 km square (Kusumadinata, 1971). In 1947, 1955 and 1973 tectonic earthquake that hit southwestern areas Ciremai, which is allegedly associated with fault structures trending southeast - northwest. Earthquake damaged several buildings in the area Maja and Talaga west G. Ceremai occurred in 1990 and 2001. Vibrations felt until Cilimus village in eastern G. Ceremai.

Hiking trails

Ciremai mountain peaks can be achieved through many hiking paths. But a popular and easily accessible is through the Village and Village Palutungan Linggarjati in the district. Brass and Apuy village in the district. Majalengka. One more rarely used hiking trail through the village is on the border Padabeunghar Brass with Majalengka in the north. In the city there is a group of nature lovers Brass "ROOTS" (Children Brass Alam Rimba) that can help provide information and guidance regarding the ascent of Mount Ceremai.

Biodiversity

unspoiled forest on Mount Ciremai stay longer at the top. At the bottom, especially in the area which in the past managed as production forest area Perum Perhutani, these forests have been converted to forest pine (Pinus), or shrubs, which are formed as a result of repeated fires and grazing. Today, most of the forests below the height of ... m above sea level. administered in the form of agroforestry (agroforestry) by the local community.

As usual in the mountains of Java, is getting someone to climb to the top of Mount Ciremai is found successively types of lower montane forests (submontane forest), upper montane forests (montane forest) and forest subalpin (subalpine forest), and then wilayah- open, treeless area around the peak and crater.

Furthermore, based on the state of the micro climate, LIPI (2001) distinguishes Ciremai environment on the plateau of wet and dry plateau. For example, forests in the Resort Cigugur (Palutungan lane, the southern part of the mountain), including micro-wet climate, and at Resort Setianegara (north lane Linggarjati) dry micro climates.

In general, lanes climbing Palutungan (in the southern part of Mount Ciremai), Apuy (west), and Linggarjati (east) successively from bottom to top would be through land settlements, fields and orchards belonging to the people, pine plantations mixed with arable fields in forest areas (intercropping), and the latter rain forest mountains. While on track Padabeunghar (north) vegetation was coupled with a scrub associated with grassland. In the fourth route, mountainous rain forest can be distinguished into three types: lower montane forest, upper montane forests and vegetation subalpin around the crater. Except vegetation subalpin alleged to have been disturbed by fire, mountain rain forests condition is still relatively intact, green and appeared fairly clear canopy stratification.

Areas

The diversity of wildlife in Ciremai quite high. Research groups of nature lovers Lawalata IPB in April 2005 to get 12 species of amphibians (frogs and toads), various species of reptiles like chameleons, lizards, lizards and snakes, more than 95 species of birds and over 20 species of mammals.

Some wildlife species that include:

Kuhl horned (Megophrys montana)

Percil Java (Microhyla Achatina)

Hylarana nicobariensis (Rana nicobariensis)

Hylarana chalconota (Rana chalconota)

Gold tree frog (Philautus aurifasciatus)

Chameleon Forests (Gonocephalus chamaeleontinus)

Geckos Rock (Cyrtodactylus sp.)

Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis)

Eagle Brontok (Spizaetus cirrhatus)

Elang Jawa (Spizaetus bartelsi)

Quail-barking Java (Arborophila javanica)

Swiftlet Mountains (Collocalia vulcanorum) [still need to be confirmed]

Lineated barbet (Megalaima lineata)

Black-banded barbet (Megalaima javensis)

Pygmy Wren-Babbler (Pnoepyga pusilla)

Anis Mountains (Turdus poliochepalus)

Tesia Java (Tesia superciliaris)

Kettles Mountains (Julian Vulcania)

Kipasan Tail-red (Rhipidura phoenicura)

Bird-honey Mountains (Aethopyga eximia)

Bird-honey Java (Aethopyga mystacalis)

Glasses Mountains (Zosterops Montanus)

Regular pangolin (Manis javanica)

Horsfield's Treeshrew (Tupaia javanica)

Loris (Nycticebus coucang)

Javan Javan (Presbytis comata)

Ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus)

Dhole (Cuon alpinus)

Telegu (Sunda Stink Badger)

Forest Cats (Prionailurus bengalensis)

Leopard (Panthera pardus)

Mouse Deer (Tragulus javanicus)

Deer (Indian muntjac)

Jelarang Black (Ratufa bicolor)

Java porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

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